CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN MAINTAINING INDONESIAN GENERATION Z NATIONALISM IN THE DIGITALIZATION ERA

Nowadays, Indonesia is facing a pandemic that brought us to a rapid digital transformation, which brings us to the middle of the digitalization era. One of the generations who absorb the effect of this is Generation Z. Although Generation Z mastered technology better than other generations, Generation Z’s sense of nationalism can’t fade because nationalism is necessary for a nation. The literature study method is used in this paper, where the writer collected literature materials based on some keywords in Google Scholar. Generally, challenges that Generation Z’s facing is in the form of bad characteristics of Generation Z, technology abuse, unfiltered foreign culture, and bad influence of social media & virtual world. Pancasila as the nation’s fundamental holds the main role for this Challenges And Solutions In Maintaining Indonesian Generation Z Nationalism In The


Introductions
The covid-19 pandemic has hit hard on all aspects of life, from health to socio-economic aspects. Covid-19 pandemic has forced us to keep our distance and carry out activities from home. However, this pandemic does not always bring bad news to the world. Indirectly, Covid-19 has ushered us further into the era of digitalization (Hayati, 2021). Many community activities are carried out at home resulting in a shift in consumption patterns and community needs (Lee et all., 2021). This phenomenon leads to the acceleration of digital transformation. As a result, humans enter the digitalization era more quickly.
The digitalization era itself is an era where all kinds of information can be easily and quickly obtained, and in the process, it is implemented through various existing digital technologies (Degtyarefa et all., 2021). Digital technology has become a tool that makes human life easier, both in carrying out tasks and work. The role of technology influences life, humans, especially Generation Z.
In Indonesia, Generation Z is one of the most dominant generations in 2020. People who were born from 1995 to 2010 belong to Generation Z (BPS, 2021). Gen Z is shaped by the rapid changes & developments in technology, especially digital technology (Jenkins, 2017). The need for this technology can be likened to the human need to breathe. Gen Z also has characters that are more diverse, global in nature, and able to form individuals who act as agents of change. Gen Z is also open to accepting various views and mindsets (Seemiller et all., 2016). However, this has the potential to make someone unstable and have a changing self-identity.
The instability of self-identity possessed by Gen Z has the potential to cause young people to be disoriented towards individuals who deviate from national identity. National identity is closely related to a person's sense of nationalism (Jensen, 2016). This situation proves that there is a relationship between the impact of the digitalization era and nationalism. The digital transformation that is growing rapidly is very possible for a person's sense of nationalism to decrease.
The real evidence that can be seen today is hoax news. Gen Z is more susceptible to exposure to hoaxes/fake news as a result of the ease of obtaining information (Pratiwi, 2019). The relationship between hoax news and nationalism can be in the form of a change in Gen Z's view of various existing problems, such as unity and integrity. Wrong views encourage Gen Z to judge a problem from that side only, it has the potential to reduce one's sense of nationalism (Pratiwi, 2019). In addition, another most visible impact is the free entry of foreign cultures into a country (Starrs, 2014). If these conditions are left unchecked without any control from each party, the influence of foreign cultures can reduce the sense of nationalism of Gen Z.
Based on the problems described in the background, the main focus of this research is to contribute through an analysis of the importance of maintaining nationalism in the digitalization era. Besides that, this research analyses challenges that exist. As a result, Generation Z became more introspective about the degradation of the sense of nationalism. In addition to this, this article is certainly useful for teachers or educators on Citizenship Education subjects in providing solutions to the problems faced by Generation Z in maintaining a sense of nationalism, especially in the era of digitalization.

Methodology
The literature study method is a research procedure method that will be used in this Citizenship research project. A literature study has an understanding in the form of orientation, concept, or framework for classifying & analyzing the facts that have been collected in conducting research (Tuckman et all, 2012). Reference sources & data used in the literature study must be relevant and up-to-date by library references (Ajayi, 2017). A literature study was conducted to find and gather information as a theoretical basis to support problem-solving from Citizenship research. The collection of references & data to be used in the literature study was taken from Google Scholar with the keywords "Nationalism", "Generation Z", and "Era of digitization". References & data collected consist of books, scientific articles, and journals relevant to the Civics project title "Generation Z Awareness in Indonesia in Maintaining a Sense of Nationalism in the Era of Digitalization". The research will be carried out using qualitative data analysis methods, namely by reviewing data obtained from literature studies (Ezzy, 2013). The data obtained will be interpreted and concluded descriptively according to the issues raised regarding nationalism.
The first stage is collecting literature study materials in the form of journals and articles related to the title, collecting 30 journals and articles related to the title using articles published in 2019, 2020, and 2021 and there are 5 written references from the Airlangga University academic community. Then the second is the selection and separation of journals that will be used as references for scientific articles and the integration of journals and other articles that have been read and studied. Third, important information points were written so that the main ideas/thoughts become clearer. Fourth, the preparation of scientific articles based on the information points & the specified format. Fifth, conducting discussions, conclusions, as well as presenting suggestions/solutions based on scientific articles made. The Covid-19 pandemic indirectly has a bad influence on the sense of nationalism in Indonesia, which also has an impact on people's psychology.

Results
The government needs to help the community in generating a sense of nationalism in the pandemic era. Bhineka Tunggal Ika is also one of the keys to uniting the differences that exist in society.

Discussion
Just like other generations, Generation Z also has its characteristics. Unfortunately, some of those characteristics could be "an exclamation mark" for Indonesian national identity. Generation Z is an ambitious and competitive generation. This causes Generation Z to always be motivated to try various ways to improve their abilities. Sadly, this could sometimes lead to anxiety & depression towards the competition they face. The word "FOMO" is also frequently linked to Generation Z. FOMO, or short for Fear of Missing Out, is the fear of being "left behind" due to not participating in a certain activity or moment. Their passion will waver if they fail to achieve something.
Generation Z is a generation most exposed to developments in information technology. That's why they are adaptable & become familiar with the technology. This advancement became a threat for Generation Z, especially in this pandemic where Indonesia & the world were forced to the advancement of the digital era. The rapid development of technology & the digital era is also closely related to the use of smartphones and the internet, and both of them could be very addictive for Generation Z. Generation Z is the most vulnerable to internet addiction, and this could lower their social participation due to them too fixated on the virtual world. Not only that, the easiness of gathering information creates a "harmful smartphone" if it is misused for negative purposes such as pornography, which will affect the decline of moral values in the young generation. Based on that example, moral degradation is also one of the real forms of the decline in an individual's nationalism.
On the other hand, challenges of nationalism appear along with globalization through foreign cultures. Along with the entry of western cultures, the spirit of Indonesian nationalism is gradually fading, especially among the young generation. Nowadays, more young generations are losing their sense of nationalism. The additional problem also comes from the rapidness of development in the digitalization era. Currently, we are facing the dilemma of original Indonesian culture's displacement due to the global cultural forces from outsiders that led to negative acculturation which unites bad elements of other cultures with our nation's culture. Technology nowadays gives the freedom of speech to Generation Z, which affects their attitude & behaviour. Freely-accessed information and its vast circulation enable irresponsible people to make and share provocative digital content, such as hoaxes and hate speech. Both of them are examples that are frequently found in social media. Hate speech could be leading to insecurity & inconveniences feelings to other societies, and could even cause material loss for certain people or society in general, damaging public facilities for example. For hoaxes, it could influence others to believe information full of negativity. Hate speech & hoax are examples of disinformation phenomena, and contradictory & conspiratorial technological development which has made the disinformation phenomenon more flourished and predicting paradigm & moral values of the modern generation became even harder. This could potentially break the union and weaken the nationalism spirit, especially for Generation Z.
Not only that, the waning spirit of young generation nationalism, including Gen Z, also comes from people's attitudes towards the environment around them. The environment of Generation Z children is currently dominated by the virtual world, which seems to be their "new friend". Children's characters become more dynamic, but more prone to collapse if not properly supervised. This will certainly be a threat to the moral & spirit of nationalism of young people. Let alone the virtual world, even the simplest things, such as upbringing from the family, can also affect the loss of the spirit of nationalism of the younger generation.
The problems which are explained above can be overcome by instilling a national commitment based on Pancasila. Pancasila is the ideology of Indonesia that was born from the culture and history of the Indonesian people and it existed long before Indonesia became an independent nation. Inside the ideology of Pancasila, there are noble values that become a foundation for the moral attitudes and behaviour of the Indonesian people. In the values of Pancasila, there are points of life such as religious, obedience, humanity, civilized and ethical living, cooperation, tolerance, sympathy, empathy, and wisdom. In addition, there are nine characteristics of Pancasila's value that need to be taught to the younger generation, such as love God, trust, reverence, loyalty; responsibility, excellence, self-reliance, discipline, orderliness; trustworthiness, reliability, honesty; respect, courtesy, obedience; love, compassion, caring, empathy, generosity, moderation, cooperation; confidence, assertiveness, creativity, resourcefulness, courage, determination and enthusiasm; justice, fairness, mercy, leadership; kindness, friendliness, humility, modesty and tolerance, flexibility, peacefulness, unity. Those Characteristics and noble values can be given to Generation Z through character education in various educational institutions. Further implementation is carried out by realizing the noble values of the nation in real life.
Character education that can help Generation Z face the challenges of nationalism needs to fulfil 3 important aspects. First, character education focuses on teaching values which in learning prioritize the introduction of local wisdom academically. Second, character education focuses on clarifying values in which teachers must be able to explain which ones are good & bad when socializing in society. Third, character education focuses on a character development approach where collaboration between teachers and parents becomes very important at this point. Each important aspect that has been mentioned has its priority. The first aspect focuses on intellectual, scientific, and understanding. The second aspect focuses on habits. The last aspect focuses on the moral development of an individual. From these three aspects, in general, character development in Generation Z should aim at developing moral character through the habit of mutual respect and motivation.
Character education can be provided through three important areas around Generation Z, such as family, school, and community. To solve the problem of decreasing awareness of nationalism, elements of cultural and civic education, such as national identity, nationality and citizenship, rights and obligations of citizens, democracy and Indonesian civil society, insight into the archipelago, and human rights need to be conveyed in the provision of character education. The delivery model of civic education should be done in two ways. First, through direct citizenship education, such as providing learning materials and assignments. Both models are delivered using extracurricular. Giving the concept of citizenship through extracurricular can increase the nationalism of the younger generation. The younger generation can be encouraged to become moral agents in society that reflect behaviour under national identity.
When all components of character education are met, the phenomenon of disinformation will fade and moral values and nationalist character can be well maintained.
Innovative solutions and unique approaches are needed to overcome this nationalism sense problem in Generation Z. One of them is ethnomathematics. Ethnomathematics is a mathematics concept combined with culture. Both of them have indirect linkages. Nationalism's character could be implemented in the form of efforts to preserve Indonesian culture. The fusion of Indonesian cultures and mathematics which also require literation & reasoning skills is pretty much possible. Ethnomathematics is also very possible to be applied to learning in schools because it can support the discovery learning method, which is when students could build their knowledge through concept findings, which become one of the important concepts in revolutionizing Indonesian education. One of the ways to implement ethnomathematics is from Indonesian traditional games, such as marble game, and many more. With ethnomathematics, young generations, especially Generation Z, could cultivate a sense of love for their cultures & their homeland so nationalism is expected to be strengthened in them.
Scout extracurricular could also be another alternative solution. Scout values, reflected by the Scout's Dasa Dharma, are a form of character education for Generation Z. Through these Dasa Dharma values, Generation Z can improve their morality and attitude of nationalism. Scouts certainly need to be more attractive for the young generation so they don't hesitate to participate in the activities. Interesting activities that could be done through scout extracurricular are camping and jamboree.

Conclusion
Based on the literature study and qualitative research that we have done about challenges and solutions which are faced by Indonesia Generation Z in maintaining nationalism, we conclude that generally the challenges can be caused by bad characteristics of Generation Z, misuse of technological advances, foreign cultures (western cultures), and social media as well as the virtual world. Those problems can be overcome by solutions such as Pancasila and character education. Pancasila as a national foundation holds noble values that become a foundation for the moral attitudes and behaviour of the Indonesian people. Pancasila also became an Indonesian ideology that can represent the identity of Indonesia. Furthermore, another solution can be implemented by character education which is given to Generation Z. Character education can be provided through three important areas around Generation Z, such as family, school, and community.
In Indonesia, the implementation of solutions can be seen in the form of ethnomathematics and scout. Ethnomathematics is a mathematics concept combined with culture. These concepts give Generation Z an important value to embrace their own cultures through literature and math. On the other hand, there is a scout that also helps Generation Z to construct their moral values based on Dasa Dharma. Those solutions can help Generation Z to maintain its nationalism in the digital era.